Cissus quadrangularis: Medicinal Properties and Uses

 Cissus quadrangularis: Medicinal Properties and Uses

Cissus quadrangularis plant

Cissus quadrangularis, commonly known as the "Veldt grape," "Devil’s backbone," or "Hadjod" in traditional Indian medicine, is a perennial plant of the grape family (Vitaceae). Native to parts of Asia and Africa, especially India and Sri Lanka, it has been widely used in Ayurveda and other traditional healing systems for centuries. The plant is recognized for its distinctive quadrangular (four-angled) stems, often fleshy and jointed. It has gained modern attention for its medicinal properties and potential health benefits, particularly in bone health, weight management, and inflammation.

Traditional Uses and Cultural Significance:

In Ayurvedic medicine, Cissus quadrangularis has long been employed to promote the healing of bones, earning it the name Asthisamharaka-literally "bone setter." Traditional healers have used the stem extract to treat bone fractures, ligament injuries, and joint pain. Additionally, it has been used to address gastrointestinal disorders, menstrual problems, and metabolic imbalances.

Bioactive Compounds:

Cissus quadrangularis contains a variety of biologically active constituents, including:

• Flavonoids, such as quercetin and kaempferol, have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
• Triterpenoids: known for their anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.
• Iridoids and stilbenes: offering antimicrobial and analgesic activity.
• Vitamins and minerals: including vitamin C and calcium, which contribute to its bone-healing benefits.

These compounds work synergistically to confer a range of medicinal effects.

Cissus quadrangularis plants

Key Medicinal Properties:

1. Bone Healing and Fracture Repair:

The most well-known benefit of Cissus quadrangularis is its ability to accelerate bone healing. Research has shown that the extract can stimulate osteoblast activity (cells that form bone) and enhance mineralization. Studies in animals and humans have demonstrated that fractures heal faster with supplementation, likely due to the stimulation of collagen synthesis and increased calcium retention. It also reduces pain and swelling associated with fractures.

2. Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects:

Cissus quadrangularis has shown potent anti-inflammatory properties, making it useful in treating conditions such as arthritis and muscle injuries. The plant inhibits the activity of pro-inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins and cytokines. It also acts as a mild analgesic, helping reduce discomfort associated with joint and soft tissue injuries.

3. Weight Management and Metabolic Health:

Recent interest has grown in the use of Cissus quadrangularis for weight management. Clinical studies suggest that extracts of the plant can reduce body fat, lower cholesterol levels, and improve blood glucose regulation. It appears to influence key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism and appetite regulation. These effects make it a popular ingredient in weight-loss supplements.

4. Gastroprotective and Digestive Benefits:

Traditionally used to treat ulcers and digestive issues, Cissus quadrangularis exhibits gastroprotective effects. It can help reduce gastric acid secretion and protect the stomach lining, potentially aiding in the treatment of ulcers and acid reflux. Additionally, it promotes overall digestive health and may relieve constipation and bloating.

5. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity:

The flavonoids and other polyphenols in Cissus quadrangularis possess strong antioxidant properties, protecting the body from oxidative stress, which is linked to chronic diseases and aging. The plant also has antimicrobial effects, capable of inhibiting the growth of certain bacteria and fungi.

Modern Research and Safety:

Numerous studies have investigated the efficacy of Cissus quadrangularis, particularly for bone healing and obesity management. While most findings support its benefits, large-scale, high-quality clinical trials are needed to confirm its safety and therapeutic potential. Most people tolerate it well, though high doses may cause side effects like diarrhea, dry mouth, or gastrointestinal upset.

Conclusion:

Cissus quadrangularis is a plant with a rich history in traditional medicine and a growing body of scientific support for its medicinal benefits. From accelerating bone healing to aiding weight loss and reducing inflammation, it offers a versatile natural remedy. While more research is warranted, its integration into modern therapeutic practices continues to expand, reaffirming the value of traditional botanical medicine in contemporary healthcare.